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Khaibalikend massacre
The Khaibalikend massacre was a mass and indiscriminate killing of Armenian civilians in the villages of Khaibalikend, Jamillu, Karkujahan and Pahliul in the Nagorno–Karabakh, from June 5 to 7, 1919. The villages were destroyed, and from 600 to 700 ethnic Armenians, including women and children, were murdered by armed ethnic Azeri and Kurdish irregulars and Azerbaijani soldiers.〔Hovannisian, Richard. ''The Republic of Armenia: Vol. I, The First Year, 1918–1919''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971, pp. 176–77, notes 51, 52.〕〔 Vratsian, Simon. ''Հայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն'' (''The Republic of Armenia''). Paris: H.H.D. Amerikayi Publishing, 1928, pp. 286–87.〕 The massacre was organized by Nagorno-Karabakh's Governor-General Khosrov bek Sultanov and led by his brother, Sultan bek Sultanov.〔De Waal, Thomas (2003). ''Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War''. New York: New York University Press, p. 128. ISBN 978-0-8147-1945-9.〕〔Hovannisian. ''Republic of Armenia, Vol. I'', p. 177.〕
== The situation in Nagorno–Karabakh before the massacre ==
In January 1919, the commander of British forces in the Caspian General William M. Thomson approved Khosrov bek Sultanov's appointment by the Baku government as provisional governor general of Karabakh and Zangezur (control over Zangezur was ultimately never established), pending a final decision at the Paris Peace Conference. Sultanov was an Azerbaijani of Kurdish origin known for his anti-Armenian views, and this decision was strenuously opposed by the Armenian population of Karabakh, led by the Karabakh’s Armenian Council, which favored Nagorno-Karabakh’s unification with the newly established Republic of Armenia. There was also opposition voiced by the Armenian government, as well as a number of American diplomats and relief officials working in the region, who cited Sultanov’s past collaboration with the Ottoman armies that had occupied the area in 1918.
On June 4–5, 1919, an armed Armenian–Azerbaijani clash takes place in Shusha, which was organized and incited by Sultanov. The Armenian part of the town was blockaded, and its Armenian population found itself in an acute need of food and drinking water. Meanwhile, the Russian military barracks in Khankendi (nowadays Stepanakert) were occupied by Azerbaijani armed forces that had arrived from Baku and Ganca.
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